What are the three tax advantages of a Health Savings Account (HSA) that make it sometimes called the 'triple tax-advantaged' account?

An HSA offers three distinct tax benefits: contributions (up to $4,300 for self-only coverage and $8,550 for family coverage in 2025) are either tax-deductible or pre-tax via payroll deduction, the invested balance grows completely tax-free, and withdrawals used for qualified medical expenses are also tax-free. Unlike a flexible spending account, HSA funds roll over year to year indefinitely. A powerful strategy is to pay medical expenses out of pocket while young, invest the HSA funds aggressively, save receipts, and reimburse yourself decades later to effectively tap the account tax-free for any purpose.