What is small claims court and what are typical limits on claim amounts?

Small claims court (sometimes called magistrate or justice court) is designed to provide an accessible, low-cost forum for resolving relatively minor civil disputes. The rules of evidence are relaxed, attorneys are often discouraged or even prohibited, and hearings are typically resolved in one session. Monetary limits vary significantly by state: California allows up to $12,500 for individuals ($6,250 for businesses), Tennessee allows up to $25,000, and many states fall in the $5,000 to $10,000 range. Common uses include landlord-tenant deposit disputes, property damage claims, unpaid loans between individuals, and consumer complaints. Filing fees are usually modest, ranging from $30 to $100.