How does medical debt affect credit scores under recent FICO and VantageScore changes?

Starting in 2022 and 2023, the three major credit bureaus removed paid medical collections from credit reports and stopped reporting medical collections under $500. FICO 9 had already reduced the impact of all medical collections relative to other debt types. VantageScore 4.0 went further by ignoring all medical collections in its scoring calculation. These changes reflect research showing medical debt is a poor predictor of whether someone will repay other types of credit obligations.